Understanding Breast Cancer

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the breast tissue. It occurs when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.

Common Symptoms

• New lump in the breast or underarm area
• Thickening or swelling of part of the breast
• Irritation or dimpling of breast skin
• Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area
• Pulling in of the nipple
• Nipple discharge other than breast milk
• Any change in the size or shape of the breast
• Pain in any area of the breast

Risk Factors

• Being female (though men can also get breast cancer)
• Increasing age
• Family history of breast cancer
• Genetic mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2)
• Previous radiation exposure
• Obesity and lack of physical activity
• Dense breast tissue

Prevention

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Exercise regularly
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Breastfeed if possible
• Regular breast screening and self-exams
• Discuss hormone therapy risks with your doctor

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type and stage of breast cancer, but may include:

• Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy)
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Hormone therapy
• Targeted therapy
• Immunotherapy